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Using glass bubble coated with multilayered nanofilms for the rapid isolation and recovery of Salmonella is an advanced approach that leverages the unique properties of glass bubble and functional nanofilms. This technique can enhance sensitivity, specificity, and speed in detecting and recovering Salmonella from food, water, and clinical samples.

Key Advantages of Glass Bubble with Multilayered Nanofilms

High Surface Area & Low Density

• Glass bubble provides a large surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing bacterial capture efficiency.
• Their lightweight nature allows easy separation using flotation-based or magnetic-assisted techniques (if magnetized nanofilms are used).

Multifunctional Nanofilm Coatings

The multilayered nanofilms can be engineered to include:

• Antibody-functionalized layers for selective binding to Salmonella.
• Magnetic nanoparticles (e.g., Fe₃O₄) for easy recovery using a magnetic field.
• Hydrophilic/hydrophobic layers to optimize bacterial adhesion.
• Antimicrobial layers for controlled bacterial inactivation after capture.

Rapid & Selective Bacterial Capture

Functionalized nanofilms can be coated with specific ligands, such as:

• Antibodies targeting Salmonella outer membrane proteins.
• Lectins binding to bacterial surface carbohydrates.
• DNA aptamers for precise pathogen recognition.

This selectivity ensures that Salmonella is isolated with minimal interference from other bacteria.

Enhanced Detection Methods

Once Salmonella is captured, various detection techniques can be applied:

• PCR/qPCR for genetic confirmation.
• Fluorescence or Raman spectroscopy if labeled nanoparticles are incorporated.
• Electrochemical sensors for real-time pathogen detection.

Fast & Efficient Recovery Process

• The floating or magnetic nature of the glass bubble allows rapid retrieval of bacteria.
• Reduces centrifugation or filtration steps, making the process suitable for on-site testing.

Potential Applications

• Food Safety: Rapid detection of Salmonella in poultry, eggs, dairy, and fresh produce.
• Water Quality Monitoring: Efficient screening of waterborne Salmonella contamination.
• Clinical Diagnostics: Faster pathogen recovery from stool or blood samples for disease diagnosis.

This glass bubble-nanofilm hybrid system represents a next-generation biosensing platform, offering high efficiency, selectivity, and scalability for pathogen isolation and detection.